In this article I will explain with an example, how to perform step by step CRUD operation in GridView i.e. Insert Edit Update and Delete in ASP.Net GridView using C# and VB.Net.
Database
I have made use of the following table Customers with the schema as follows.
![Step by Step Tutorial for performing Insert Edit Update and Delete in GridView in ASP.Net]()
I have already inserted few records in the table.
![Step by Step Tutorial for performing Insert Edit Update and Delete in GridView in ASP.Net]()
Note: You can download the database table SQL by clicking the download link below.
HTML Markup
The HTML Markup consists of:
GridView:–
Columns
GridView consists of two TemplateField columns and a CommandField column.
TemplateField – Name and Country fields are set in the TemplateField columns with ItemTemplate with a Label and EditItemTemplate with TextBox for displaying and editing data respectively.
Properties
DataKeyNames – For permitting to set the names of the Column Fields, that we want to use in code but do not want to display it. Example Primary Keys, ID fields, etc.
PageSize – For permitting maximum number of rows to be displayed per page.
AllowPaging – For enabling paging in the GridView control.
EmptyDataText – For displaying text when there is no data in the GridView.
Events
GridView has been assigned with the following five event handlers i.e. OnRowDataBound, OnRowEditing, OnRowCancelingEdit, OnRowUpdating, OnPageIndexChanging and OnRowDeleting.
TextBox – For capturing records to be added.
Button – For adding records.
The Button has been assigned with an OnClick event handler.
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false" OnRowDataBound="OnRowDataBound"
DataKeyNames="CustomerId" OnRowEditing="OnRowEditing" OnRowCancelingEdit="OnRowCancelingEdit"
PageSize="3" AllowPaging="true" OnPageIndexChanging="OnPaging" OnRowUpdating="OnRowUpdating"
OnRowDeleting="OnRowDeleting" EmptyDataText="No records has been added.">
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Name" ItemStyle-Width="150">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="lblName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>'></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>' Width="140"></asp:TextBox>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Country" ItemStyle-Width="150">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Label ID="lblCountry" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Country") %>'></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
<EditItemTemplate>
<asp:TextBox ID="txtCountry" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Country") %>' Width="140"></asp:TextBox>
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:CommandField ButtonType="Link" ShowEditButton="true" ShowDeleteButton="true"
ItemStyle-Width="150" />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse">
<tr>
<td style="width: 150px">Name:<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" Width="140" />
</td>
<td style="width: 150px">Country:<br />
<asp:TextBox ID="txtCountry" runat="server" Width="140" />
</td>
<td style="width: 150px">
<asp:Button ID="btnAdd" runat="server" Text="Add" OnClick="Insert" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
Namespaces
You will need to import the following namespaces.
C#
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
VB.Net
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Configuration
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Binding the GridView with records from SQL Database Table
Inside the Page Load event handler, the BindGrid method is called.
Inside the BindGrid method, the GridView is populated with records from the Customers table.
C#
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!this.IsPostBack)
{
this.BindGrid();
}
}
private void BindGrid()
{
string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
string query = "SELECT * FROM Customers";
using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
{
using (SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(query, con))
{
using (DataTable dt = new DataTable())
{
sda.Fill(dt);
GridView1.DataSource = dt;
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
}
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
If Not Me.IsPostBack Then
Me.BindGrid()
End If
End Sub
Private Sub BindGrid()
Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
Dim query As String = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
Using sda As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(query, con)
Using dt As DataTable = New DataTable()
sda.Fill(dt)
GridView1.DataSource = dt
GridView1.DataBind()
End Using
End Using
End Using
End Sub
Insert
When the Add Button is clicked, the name and the country values are fetched from their respective TextBoxes and are inserted into the database.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void Insert(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string name = txtName.Text;
string country = txtCountry.Text;
txtName.Text = "";
txtCountry.Text = "";
string query = "INSERT INTO Customers VALUES(@Name, @Country)";
string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
{
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query))
{
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country);
cmd.Connection = con;
con.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
con.Close();
}
}
this.BindGrid();
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub Insert(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
Dim name As String = txtName.Text
Dim country As String = txtCountry.Text
Dim query As String = "INSERT INTO Customers VALUES(@Name, @Country)"
Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
txtName.Text = ""
txtCountry.Text = ""
Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
Using cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(query)
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name)
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country)
cmd.Connection = con
con.Open()
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
con.Close()
End Using
End Using
Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
Edit
When the Edit Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowEditing event handler is triggered, where the EditIndex of the GridView is updated with the Row Index of the GridView Row to be edited.
C#
protected void OnRowEditing(object sender, GridViewEditEventArgs e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
this.BindGrid();
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowEditing(sender As Object, e As GridViewEditEventArgs)
GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex
Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
Update
When the Update Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowUpdating event handler is triggered.
Inside the OnRowUpdating event handler, the CustomerId (primary key) is fetched from the DataKey property of GridView while the Name and Country fields are fetched from their respective TextBoxes and the record is updated in the database.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void OnRowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
{
GridViewRow row = GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex];
int customerId = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0]);
string name = (row.FindControl("txtName") as TextBox).Text;
string country = (row.FindControl("txtCountry") as TextBox).Text;
string query = "UPDATE Customers SET Name=@Name, Country=@Country WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId";
string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
{
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query))
{
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country);
cmd.Connection = con;
con.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
con.Close();
}
}
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
this.BindGrid();
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowUpdating(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewUpdateEventArgs)
Dim row As GridViewRow = GridView1.Rows(e.RowIndex)
Dim customerId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.DataKeys(e.RowIndex).Values(0))
Dim name As String = (TryCast(row.FindControl("txtName"), TextBox)).Text
Dim country As String = (TryCast(row.FindControl("txtCountry"), TextBox)).Text
Dim query As String = "UPDATE Customers SET Name=@Name, Country=@Country WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId"
Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
Using cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(query)
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId)
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", name)
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Country", country)
cmd.Connection = con
con.Open()
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
con.Close()
End Using
End Using
GridView1.EditIndex = -1
Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
Cancel Edit
When the Cancel Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowCancelingEdit event handler is triggered and the EditIndex is set to -1 and the GridView is populated with data using the BindGrid method.
C#
protected void OnRowCancelingEdit(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
this.BindGrid();
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowCancelingEdit(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
GridView1.EditIndex = -1
Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
Delete
When the Delete Button is clicked, the GridView’s OnRowDeleting event handler is triggered.
Inside the OnRowDeleting event handler, the CustomerId (primary key) is fetched from the DataKey property of GridView and the record is deleted in the database.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn refreshes the GridView with updated records.
C#
protected void OnRowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
int customerId = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0]);
string query = "DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId";
string constr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["constr"].ConnectionString;
using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(constr))
{
using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query))
{
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId);
cmd.Connection = con;
con.Open();
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
con.Close();
}
}
this.BindGrid();
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowDeleting(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewDeleteEventArgs)
Dim customerId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(GridView1.DataKeys(e.RowIndex).Values(0))
Dim query As String = "DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CustomerId=@CustomerId"
Dim constr As String = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("constr").ConnectionString
Using con As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(constr)
Using cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(query)
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@CustomerId", customerId)
cmd.Connection = con
con.Open()
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
con.Close()
End Using
End Using
Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
Delete Confirmation Message
The delete operation will be confirmed using JavaScript Confirmation Box, thus inside the OnRowDataBound event handler, the Delete LinkButton is assigned with a JavaScript OnClick event handler.
C#
protected void OnRowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow && e.Row.RowIndex != GridView1.EditIndex)
{
(e.Row.Cells[2].Controls[2] as LinkButton).Attributes["onclick"] = "return confirm('Do you want to delete this row?');";
}
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnRowDataBound(sender As Object, e As GridViewRowEventArgs)
If e.Row.RowType = DataControlRowType.DataRow And Also e.Row.RowIndex <> GridView1.EditIndex Then
TryCast(e.Row.Cells(2).Controls(2), LinkButton).Attributes("onclick") = "return confirm('Do you want to delete this row?');"
End If
End Sub
Paging
Inside the OnPageIndexChanging event handler, the PageIndex property of the GridView is updated with the new Page Number which was clicked.
Finally, the GridView is populated using the BindGrid method which in-turn displays the new GridView page.
C#
protected void OnPaging(object sender, GridViewPageEventArgs e)
{
GridView1.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;
this.BindGrid();
}
VB.Net
Protected Sub OnPaging(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As GridViewPageEventArgs)
GridView1.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex
Me.BindGrid()
End Sub
Screenshot
![Step by Step Tutorial for performing Insert Edit Update and Delete in GridView in ASP.Net]()
Downloads
