I have made sample for you.
HTML Code
<asp:TextBox ID="txtMobileNo" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:Button ID="btnSave" runat="server" Text="Submit" ValidationGroup="ValidateMobile" />
<asp:CustomValidator ErrorMessage="Not a valid mobile number" ClientValidationFunction="ValidateMobileNumber"
runat="server" ValidationGroup="ValidateMobile" />
Script
<script type="text/javascript">
function ValidateMobileNumber(sender, args) {
args.IsValid = false;
var mobileNumber = document.getElementById('txtMobileNo').value;
if ((mobileNumber.substring(0, 1) == 9 || mobileNumber.substring(0, 1) == 8 || mobileNumber.substring(0, 1) == 7)&&(mobileNumber.length==10)) {
args.IsValid = true;
}
}
</script>