MVC is a web development technology like ASP.Net but has a different approach and makes use of classic HTML controls
jQuery is a Client Side prototype library build over JavaScript to make it easier to perform client side operations, thus helping reduce more code and also compatibility issues
Silverlight is a Web Technology to create more graphical User interfaces similar to Windows on Web. But it requires Silverlight Runtime installed for each browser
AJAX - It is a technology to make calls to server silently without refreshing the page, this it is faster as it brings less data