Hi nagpureneha44,
After saving the file you need to call the Showdata method using Ajax to refresh the data.
While saving the data don't use tilde (~) symbol.
command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ImageFile", "/User_images/" + fileName);
Modified code.
Controller
namespace Sprint2_BiodataForm.Controllers
{
    public class BiodataController : Controller
    {
        // GET: Biodata
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }
        private string connectionString = @"data source= localhost\SQLEXPRESS01; initial catalog=Biodata; integrated security=true;";
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult InsertData(UserBiodata model)
        {
            try
            {
                // Check if the model state is valid (e.g., required fields are filled)
                if (ModelState.IsValid)
                {
                    if (model.ImageFile != null && model.ImageFile.ContentLength > 0)
                    {
                        string uploadDirectory = Server.MapPath("~/User_images/"); // Get the absolute server path
                        string fileName = Path.GetFileName(model.ImageFile.FileName);
                        string filePath = Path.Combine(uploadDirectory, fileName);
 
                        // Save the uploaded image to the specified absolute server path
                        model.ImageFile.SaveAs(filePath);
 
                        // Insert data into the database
                        using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
                        {
                            connection.Open();
                            string query = "INSERT INTO UserBiodata (Name, ImageFile) VALUES (@Name, @ImageFile)";
                            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(query, connection);
                            command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Name", model.Name);
                            command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ImageFile", "/User_images/" + fileName); // Save the file path in the database
                            command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        }
                    }
 
                    return Content("Data inserted successfully!");
                }
                else
                {
                    return Content("Invalid data. Please check your inputs.");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return Content("Error: " + ex.Message);
            }
        }
        [HttpPost]
        public ActionResult Showdata()
        {
            try
            {
                using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
                {
                    connection.Open();
                    string query = "SELECT * FROM UserBiodata";
                    SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(query, connection);
                    List<UserBiodata> userList = new List<UserBiodata>();
                    SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(command);
                    DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                    da.Fill(ds, "dt");
                    userList = FillDataFromDsIntoModel(ds);
                    return Json(userList);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }
        private List<UserBiodata> FillDataFromDsIntoModel(DataSet ds)
        {
            List<UserBiodata> lstUser = new List<UserBiodata>();
            foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
            {
                lstUser.Add(new UserBiodata()
                {
                    Uid = Convert.ToInt32(dr[0]),
                    Name = dr[1].ToString(),
                    ImageFile = null, // Initialize as null since you're not retrieving the file here
                    ImageFilePath = dr["ImageFile"] != DBNull.Value ? dr["ImageFile"].ToString() : string.Empty
                });
            }
            return lstUser;
        }
    }
}
View
<h2></h2>
<h1>Biodata Form</h1>
<div>
    <label for="Name">Name:</label>
    <input type="text" id="Name" />
</div>
<div>
    <label for="ImageFile">Image:</label>
    <input type="file" id="ImageFile" name="ImageFile" />
</div>
<button id="submitBtn">Submit</button>
<div id="result"></div>
<div id="DivLoad"></div>
<script src="~/Scripts/jquery-3.4.1.js"></script>
<script>
    $(document).ready(function () {
        PopoulateData();
        var renderUserData = function (userdata) {
            var strHtml = '';
            strHtml += '<table border=1>';
            strHtml += '<tr>';
            strHtml += '<th>User Id</th>';
            strHtml += '<th>Name</th>';
            strHtml += '<th>Image</th>';
            strHtml += '</tr>';
            $.each(userdata, function (key, val) {
                strHtml += '<tr>';
                strHtml += '<td>' + val.Uid + '</td>';
                strHtml += '<td>' + val.Name + '</td>';
                strHtml += '<td><img src="' + val.ImageFilePath + '" a width="100" height="100" /></td>';
                strHtml += '</tr>';
            });
            strHtml += '</table>';
            $('#DivLoad').html(strHtml);
        }
        $("#submitBtn").click(function () {
            var name = $("#Name").val();
            var ImageFile = $("#ImageFile")[0].files[0];
            // Create a FormData object to send the file
            var formData = new FormData();
            formData.append("Name", name);
            formData.append("ImageFile", ImageFile);
            $.ajax({
                type: "POST",
                url: "/Biodata/InsertData",
                data: formData,
                contentType: false, // Important: Prevent jQuery from setting contentType
                processData: false, // Important: Prevent jQuery from processing the data
                success: function (response) {
                    // Handle the response here
                    $("#result").html(response);
                    PopoulateData();
                },
                error: function (response) {
                    $("#result").html(response.responseText);
                }
            });
        });
        function PopoulateData() {
            $.ajax({
                url: '/Biodata/Showdata',
                type: 'post',
                success: function (data) {
                    //console.log(data);
                    // Loop through the data and append it to the table
                    renderUserData(data);
                },
                error: function (response) {
                    // Handle errors
                    console.error(response.responseText);
                }
            });
        }
    });
</script>