It is not possible directly. If you want to make it possible you will have to make multiple calls and then load one row of data in one ajax call,
That way you will have the progress.
You might see Gmail using it. The reason is that it is loading data in parts and modules and based on what is loaded the progressbar is updated.
Thus you will have to also divide and do multiple calls and in each call completion you will have to update progress bar but that will be ineffecient as it will add load to server.